Celebrity
Rosalynn Carter, mental health activist, humanitarian and former first lady, dies at 96
Rosalynn Carter, who served as the first lady, dedicated her efforts to mental health reform and professionalizing the role of the president’s spouse. On Sunday, she passed away at the age of 96, as reported by The Carter Center.
Rosalynn Carter passed away peacefully at her home in Plains, Georgia, with her family by her side, according to a statement from the center.
Former President Jimmy Carter, her husband, said, “Rosalynn was my equal partner in everything I ever accomplished. She provided me with wise guidance and encouragement when I needed it. As long as Rosalynn was in the world, I always knew somebody loved and supported me.”
The Carter Center announced on Friday that the former first lady has entered hospice care. She was diagnosed with dementia in May. Her husband began home hospice care in February after a series of hospital stays.
Jimmy Carter was defeated by Ronald Reagan in a landslide four years after his election. During his single term in the White House, he achieved the remarkable feat of brokering a peace agreement between Israel and Egypt that still stands today. However, his presidency was also marked by high inflation and the Iran hostage crisis. Throughout it all, Rosalynn stood by his side, often offering her advice and support.
The Carters redefined and revolutionized the post-presidency role. Together, they dedicated themselves to promoting world peace and human rights through The Carter Center, a non-governmental organization based in Atlanta. The Carter Center’s mission is to “wage peace, fight disease, and inspire hope.”
First Lady Jill Biden celebrated the life of Rosalynn Carter on Sunday. Speaking at a holiday event for service members and their families at Naval Station Norfolk, she said, “The former first lady Rosalynn Carter has just passed. She was well known for her efforts in mental health, caregiving, and women’s rights.”
“And so I hope that during the holidays you’ll … include the Carter family in your prayers,” Jill Biden said.
President Joe Biden praised the Carter family while speaking to reporters after the holiday event. “They’re really an incredible family because they brought so much grace to the office,” he said.
Former President George W. Bush and former first lady Laura Bush similarly praised Rosalynn Carter as “a woman of dignity and strength.”
“There was no greater advocate of President Carter, and their partnership set a wonderful example of loyalty and fidelity. She leaves behind an important legacy in her work to destigmatize mental health. We join our fellow citizens in sending our condolences to President Carter and their family,” the pair said in a joint statement.
After leaving the White House, the couple traveled to various hot spots around the world. They visited Cuba, Sudan, and North Korea, where they monitored elections and worked towards eradicating Guinea worm disease and other neglected tropical diseases. Jimmy Carter was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002.
“The Carter Center is a shared legacy. She’s been there digging latrines right next to him,” said Jill Stuckey, a friend of the Carters and a leader at Maranatha Baptist Church, where both Carters attended and where Jimmy Carter teaches Sunday school.
Rosalynn Carter’s most significant individual legacy will be her efforts to reduce the stigma associated with mental illnesses and her advocacy for parity and access to mental health treatment. She also dedicated her time to the Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregiving at her alma mater, Georgia Southwestern State University, which supports families and professional caregivers living with disabilities and illnesses.
In 1999, President Bill Clinton awarded both Carters the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the country. He stated that they had “done more good things for more people in more places than any other couple on Earth.”
The ‘Steel Magnolia’
Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter have a true American story and a genuine lifelong partnership.
In 2015, when the 39th president announced his brain cancer diagnosis, he was asked about his proudest accomplishment. Without hesitation, he mentioned marrying Rosalynn as the pinnacle of his life.
He also shared the secret of their enduring marriage. In an interview with Jake Tapper on CNN’s “The Lead” in July 2015, he said, “Rosalynn has been the foundation for my entire enjoyment of life. First of all, it’s important to choose the right woman, which I did. And secondly, we give each other space to pursue our own interests.”
Growing up in Plains, Georgia, it was likely that Eleanor Rosalynn Smith would cross paths with Jimmy Carter. They lived in a small town where everyone knew each other and candy cost only a nickel.
Rosalynn’s upbringing wasn’t affluent. Her mother was a dressmaker and her father, an automobile mechanic, passed away from cancer when she was 13. She helped raise her younger siblings and considered her father’s death as the end of her childhood.
In her memoir, “First Lady from Plains,” Rosalynn mentions that there were occasional attempts to open a restaurant in their town, but they never lasted very long.
The Carters met when Jimmy’s sister, Ruth, who was Rosalynn’s closest friend, introduced them. When Rosalynn saw a photo of Carter on Ruth’s bedroom wall, she thought, “He was the most handsome man I’d ever seen.” She even asked Ruth if she could take his photograph home with her.
Both Jimmy and Rosalynn were devout Southern Baptists. They first met after a church meeting and soon started dating. They got married shortly after Jimmy graduated from the Naval Academy, when Rosalynn was 18 and he was 21.
“When we got married, I think I was related to everybody that Jimmy wasn’t,” Rosalynn wrote in her memoir. “Once we got married, we were related to everybody in town.”
As the wife of a naval officer, Rosalynn had to move frequently and managed a large household. The Carters had three children in quick succession: John William (“Jack”), a year after their wedding in Norfolk; James Earl (“Chip”) III, less than three years later in Hawaii; and Donnel Jeffrey (“Jeff”) in New London, Connecticut, in 1952. Their only daughter, Amy Lynn, was born in 1967, a year after Carter lost his first bid for Georgia governor.
Jimmy Carter had been accepted into an elite nuclear submarine program but resigned his commission in Schenectady, New York, after his father’s death, so they could return to Plains in 1953 to take care of the family farm. He decided to relocate the family without consulting Rosalynn, which made her furious. She refused to talk to him for the entire drive south.
After that incident, Jimmy Carter said he consulted with his wife on all major decisions.
Carter wedding picture.
Atlanta Journal-Constitution/AP
Later nicknamed the “Steel Magnolia” by the press – a reference she did not mind – Rosalynn was naturally shy. Her knees would knock together when she had to give a speech in the early days of her husband’s political career in the 1960s. However, by the time he announced his presidential campaign in December 1974, she had become a seasoned politician herself.
Describing her transformation from housewife to political partner, Carter aide Stuart Eizenstat said, “This shy woman blossomed in a wonderful way.”
Soon, she began numbering the president’s jokes to avoid repetition. She even took memory classes to remember faces and names, and typed thank-you letters to people her husband had met on the campaign trail. She worked on her speeches until the early hours of the morning.
Former President Donald Trump specifically mentioned the Carters’ long marriage in a statement, praising Rosalynn’s years of service to the country.
“Melania and I join all Americans in mourning the loss of Rosalynn Carter. She was a devoted First Lady, a great humanitarian, a champion for mental health, and a beloved wife to her husband for 77 years, President Carter,” Trump posted on social media.
First lady from Plains
Carter ran for president as a Washington outsider, aiming to distance himself from the paranoia and cynicism associated with former President Richard Nixon. He enlisted the help of a group of Georgia volunteers, known as the “Peanut Brigade,” to campaign for him.
Rosalynn took an active role in the campaign, seeking out local television and radio stations in small towns to offer herself for interviews. In her memoir, she mentioned that some of the smaller stations, with limited staff, were unfamiliar with Jimmy Carter.
Rosalynn came prepared for these interviews, carrying a list of five or six questions that she wanted to be asked. More often than not, the stations used her suggested questions.
“I was able to convey my message,” she stated in her memoir.
Throughout the 18-month presidential campaign, she visited 105 communities in Iowa and spent 75 days in Florida to support her husband.
“My nervousness began to fade when I realized that people seemed pleased to meet me, although I still struggled with a dry throat and sometimes a trembling voice during interviews or speeches,” she wrote in her memoir.
Carter secured a narrow victory, winning just 51% of the popular vote and 297 electoral votes to defeat President Gerald Ford, who had assumed the presidency following Nixon’s resignation in 1974.
The Carters disregarded security concerns and broke from tradition by choosing to walk hand-in-hand with their daughter Amy down Pennsylvania Avenue after the inauguration ceremony. This decision was driven by their shared desire to connect with the people and distance themselves from what they perceived as Nixon’s imperial presidency.
Rosalynn Carter even wore the same gold-embroidered sleeveless coat over a blue chiffon dress that she had worn to her husband’s inauguration as governor in 1971, for the galas celebrating his inauguration as president in 1977. The coat was designed by Mary Matise for Jimmae, and Rosalynn purchased it from a store in Americus, Georgia.
During her childhood, Rosalynn had admired Eleanor Roosevelt, the influential global leader who championed civil rights and fought against poverty. Once in the White House, Rosalynn played a transformative role as the first lady, hiring a chief of staff whose government salary and rank were equal to the president’s chief of staff.
She was also the first first lady to work out of the East Wing. Previous first ladies had worked from an office on the second or third floors of the White House, in the family’s private residence. Under Rosalynn’s leadership, the number of full-time positions in the East Wing grew by almost 20%. However, her ambitious approach to the role drew criticism, especially her controversial decision to attend her husband’s Cabinet meetings.
As the first lady, she advocated for the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment, which aimed to amend the Constitution to prohibit discrimination based on sex.
Steven Hochman, who has been working with the Carters since 1981 and is the director of research at The Carter Center, mentioned that as the years went on, Rosalynn did not hesitate to publicly disagree with her husband. During speeches, the former president used to share a story about one of his elementary school teachers who told her students that “any child could be president.”
“Mrs. Carter would correct him,” Hochman recalled in an interview. “She would say, ‘No, she never said that. She said any boy could be president.'”
In her memoir, Rosalynn shared that she and her husband would have lunch together in the Oval Office every Wednesday, similar to the vice president’s weekly lunch with the president. This ritual began because Rosalynn had important matters to discuss, including their personal finances, their children, and the issues she deeply cared about, such as mental health.
During more than four decades of public service, Rosalynn Carter has been a driving force for mental health. She has been instrumental in advocating for mental health issues and promoting awareness.
Before their weekly lunches, Rosalynn Carter would approach President Carter with a multitude of questions and suggestions. She actively engaged with mothers affected by high fuel prices and met with children in struggling schools, aiming to bring these important issues to the president’s attention.
Upon the suggestion of a weekly lunch, Rosalynn Carter started organizing these conversations and kept important notes in a brown leather folder. Throughout the week, she would add notes to the folder, which sat on her desk in her bedroom. By the time of their Wednesday lunch, the folder was filled with information.
Former First Lady Michelle Obama released a statement on Sunday, emphasizing how Rosalynn Carter recognized that the role of a first lady is shaped by the passions and aspirations of the individual holding it. Michelle Obama mentioned that Rosalynn Carter inspired her to make the role of First Lady her own.
“Today, Barack and I join the world in celebrating the remarkable legacy of a First Lady, philanthropist, and advocate who dedicated her life to lifting up others,” Michelle Obama added.
Mental health crusade
Rosalynn Carter’s primary focus was on mental health. During her husband’s 1970 campaign for governor, she was struck by the numerous individuals who approached her and asked what she would do to support family members dealing with mental illness.
One day, while Jimmy was speaking at a rally, Rosalynn joined the line of people waiting to shake his hand. When he recognized her and asked why she was there, she responded, “I came to see what you are going to do about mental health when you are governor.” This anecdote, shared in an interview with The Carter Center, highlights her early commitment to the cause.
Rosalynn had a distant cousin with mental illness, and she vividly remembered hiding when she heard him singing loudly while approaching their small town’s streets. Reflecting on this, she wrote in her memoir, “He probably wanted nothing more than friendship and recognition, yet he was different, and when I heard him, my impulse was to flee.”
This experience deeply impacted her, leading her to dedicate a significant portion of her time in the White House to advocating for improved care for individuals with mental illnesses. As Georgia’s first lady, she played a crucial role in shifting treatment to community mental health centers. During her time in the White House, she assisted her husband in establishing the Presidential Commission on Mental Health.
Rosalynn Carter, who tirelessly championed mental health reform and helped redefine the role of the first lady, passed away at the age of 96, according to The Carter Center.
Rosalynn Carter passed away peacefully with family by her side at her home in Plains, Georgia, the center said in a statement.
“Rosalynn was my equal partner in everything I ever accomplished,” said her husband, former President Jimmy Carter. “She gave me wise guidance and encouragement when I needed it. As long as Rosalynn was in the world, I always knew somebody loved and supported me.”
The Carter Center announced on Friday that the former first lady had entered hospice care. She was diagnosed with dementia in May. Her husband began home hospice care in February, following a series of hospital stays.
Jimmy Carter was defeated in a landslide by Ronald Reagan four years after being elected. His single term in the White House included forging a rare peace agreement between Israel and Egypt that continues to this day, but it was also marked by soaring inflation and the Iran hostage crisis. Throughout it all, Rosalynn was by his side, often whispering in his ear.
The Carters redefined and revolutionized the post-presidency. Through their joint efforts, they worked on world peace and human rights on behalf of The Carter Center, a non-governmental organization based in Atlanta, founded to “wage peace, fight disease, and build hope.”
First Lady Jill Biden celebrated Rosalynn Carter’s life on Sunday. Addressing service members and their families at a Naval Station Norfolk holiday event, she said, “The former first lady Rosalynn Carter has just passed. And she was well known for her efforts on mental health and caregiving, as well as women’s rights.”
Jimmy Carter is seen in a photograph with his grandson, Jason, his wife, Rosalynn, and his daughter, Amy, at the Americana Hotel.
The photo is credited to Dan Farrell/NY Daily News Archive/Getty Images.
“And so I hope that during the holidays you’ll… include the Carter family in your prayers,” said Jill Biden.
President Joe Biden spoke highly of the Carter family while talking to reporters after the holiday event. “They’re truly an incredible family because they brought so much grace to the office,” he remarked.
Former President George W. Bush and former First Lady Laura Bush also praised Rosalynn Carter, describing her as “a woman of dignity and strength.”
“There was no greater advocate for President Carter, and their partnership set a wonderful example of loyalty and fidelity. She leaves behind an important legacy in her work to destigmatize mental health. We join our fellow citizens in sending our condolences to President Carter and their family,” the pair said in a joint statement.
After leaving the White House, the couple traveled to various hot spots around the world, including visits to Cuba, Sudan, and North Korea. During these trips, they monitored elections and worked to eradicate Guinea worm disease and other neglected tropical diseases. Jimmy Carter was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002.
According to Jill Stuckey, a friend of the Carters and a leader at Maranatha Baptist Church, both Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter have been actively involved in the Carter Center. Rosalynn even participates in physical labor, such as digging latrines, alongside her husband. Jimmy Carter is known for teaching Sunday school at the church. You can watch a video of him teaching here.
Rosalynn Carter’s most notable individual legacy is her work to reduce the stigma associated with mental illnesses and her advocacy for equal access to mental health treatment. She has also dedicated her time to the Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregiving at her alma mater, Georgia Southwestern State University. The institute focuses on supporting families and professional caregivers who are caring for individuals with disabilities and illnesses.
In 1999, then-President Bill Clinton awarded both Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the United States. Clinton praised them for their extensive humanitarian work, stating that they have done more good for more people in more places than any other couple on Earth.
The ‘Steel Magnolia’
Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter share what many would call a true American story and a genuine lifelong partnership.
In 2015, when the 39th president announced his brain cancer diagnosis, he was asked which accomplishment he was proudest of. Without hesitation, he said it was marrying Rosalynn: “That’s the pinnacle of my life.”
He also shared the secret of their enduring marriage.
“Rosalynn has been the foundation for my entire enjoyment of life. First of all, it’s best to choose the right woman, which I did. And secondly, we give each other space to do our own things,” he told Jake Tapper on CNN’s “The Lead” in July 2015.
It was likely that Eleanor Rosalynn Smith would cross paths with Jimmy Carter in their small hometown of Plains, Georgia. They grew up at a time when candy cost a nickel and everyone in town knew each other.
“Occasionally, someone would open a restaurant, but it would never last very long,” Rosalynn wrote in her memoir, “First Lady from Plains.”
Rosalynn did not grow up with much money. Her mother was a dressmaker, and her father was an automobile mechanic who died from cancer when she was 13. She helped raise her younger siblings and considered her father’s death the end of her childhood.
The Carters met through Jimmy’s sister, Ruth, who was Rosalynn’s closest friend. When Rosalynn saw a photo of Carter on Ruth’s bedroom wall, she thought, “He was the most handsome man I’d ever seen.” She even asked Ruth if she could take his photograph home with her.
Both devout Southern Baptists, Jimmy and Rosalynn met after a church meeting and soon began dating. They were married not long after his graduation from the Naval Academy when she was 18 and he was 21.
“When we got married, I think I was kin to everybody that Jimmy wasn’t,” Rosalynn wrote in her memoir. “Once we got married, we were kin to everybody in town.”
As the wife of a naval officer, Rosalynn moved frequently and managed a large household. The Carters had three children in quick succession: John William (“Jack”), the year after their wedding in Norfolk; James Earl (“Chip”) III, less than three years later in Hawaii; and Donnel Jeffrey (“Jeff”) in New London, Connecticut, in 1952. Their only daughter, Amy Lynn, was born in 1967, a year after Carter lost his first bid for Georgia governor.
Jimmy Carter had been accepted to an elite nuclear submarine program but resigned his commission in Schenectady, New York, after his father died. This allowed them to return to Plains in 1953 to look after the family farm. He decided to relocate the family without consulting Rosalynn, which made her furious. She refused to talk to him during the entire drive south.
After that incident, Jimmy Carter said he consulted with his wife on all major decisions.
Carter wedding picture.
Atlanta Journal-Constitution/AP
Later nicknamed the “Steel Magnolia” by the press – a reference she did not mind, saying once in an interview with C-SPAN that “steel is tough and magnolia is southern” – Rosalynn was naturally shy and her knees would knock together when she had to give a speech in the early days of her husband’s political career in the 1960s.
But by the time he announced his presidential campaign in December 1974, she was a seasoned politician herself.
Describing her transformation from housewife to political partner, Carter aide Stuart Eizenstat said, “This shy woman blossomed in the most wonderful way.”
It was not long before she would number the president’s jokes so that he would not repeat any of them to the same group. She even started taking memory classes to remember faces and names and typed thank you letters to people her husband had met on the campaign trail. She stayed up until the early hours of the morning to work on her speeches.
Former President Donald Trump made specific note of the Carters’ long marriage in a statement Sunday praising her years of service to the country.
“Melania and I join all Americans in mourning the loss of Rosalynn Carter. She was a devoted First Lady, a great humanitarian, a champion for mental health, and a beloved wife to her husband for 77 years, President Carter,” Trump posted on social media.
First lady from Plains
Carter ran for president as a Washington outsider seeking to distance himself from the paranoia and cynicism of former President Richard Nixon. He had a group of Georgia volunteers, known as the “Peanut Brigade,” campaign for him.
Rosalynn hit the road with a vengeance, and when she arrived in a small town, she scoped out the tallest antennae and headed there – the local television and radio stations – to offer herself up for an interview. In her memoir, she wrote that some of the smaller stations with few employees had no idea who Jimmy Carter was.
Rosalynn came prepared, carrying a list of five or six questions she wanted asked. Nine times out of 10, she said, the station used the questions she suggested.
“I was getting my message across,” she said in her memoir.
For 18 months during the presidential campaign, she went to 105 communities in Iowa and spent 75 days in Florida in support of her husband.
“My nervousness began to disappear when I realized people seemed pleased to meet me, though I still had trouble with a dry throat and sometimes a trembling voice when I approached an interview or a speech,” she wrote in her memoir.
Carter won a narrow victory, capturing just 51% of the popular vote and 297 electoral votes to defeat President Gerald Ford, who had assumed the presidency upon Nixon’s resignation in 1974.
The Carters ignored security concerns and broke with tradition when they decided to walk hand-in-hand with their daughter Amy down Pennsylvania Avenue after the inauguration ceremony. It was part of their mutual desire to connect with people and move away from what they saw as Nixon’s imperial presidency.
Rosalynn even wore the same gold-embroidered sleeveless coat over a blue chiffon dress that she wore to her husband’s inauguration as governor in 1971 to the galas for his 1977 inauguration as president. It was designed by Mary Matise for Jimmae and she bought it from a store in Americus, Georgia.
As a young girl, she had admired then-first lady Eleanor Roosevelt, an influential global leader who took on issues such as civil rights and poverty. Once in the White House, Rosalynn helped to transform the office of first lady and became the first to hire a chief of staff whose government salary and rank were equal to the president’s chief of staff.
She was the first first lady to work out of the East Wing. Before her, first ladies worked from an office on the second or third floors of the White House in the family’s private residence. And under her watch, full-time positions in the East Wing grew by almost 20%. But her ambitious approach to the role drew criticism, particularly her controversial decision to sit in on her husband’s Cabinet meetings.
As first lady she fought for the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment, which would have amended the Constitution to outlaw civil rights discrimination based on sex.
Steven Hochman, who has worked with the Carters since 1981 and is director of research at The Carter Center, said Rosalynn did not hesitate to disagree with her husband in public as the years went on. During speeches, the former president liked to tell audience members that one of his elementary school teachers used to tell her students that “any child could be president.”
“Mrs. Carter would correct him,” Hochman recalled in an interview. “She’d say, ‘No, she never said that. She said, any boy could be president.’”
In her memoir, Rosalynn recalled eating lunch with her husband in the Oval Office every Wednesday, similar to the vice president’s weekly lunch with the president. The ritual came about because Rosalynn had pressing topics to discuss, including their personal finances, their children and the issues she deeply cared about, including mental health.
During more than four decades of public service, Rosalynn Carter has been a driving force for mental health.
Jimmy Carter Library
Before those weekly lunches, when the president stepped off the elevator on the second floor at the end of the day, she would approach him with an onslaught of questions and suggestions. She talked to mothers about how high fuel prices were affecting their family budgets and she met with children in struggling schools, and she wanted to bring these issues to his attention.
Once he suggested a weekly lunch, she began to organize such conversations, putting important notes in a brown leather folder. The folder sat on her desk in her bedroom and she stuck notes in it throughout the week. By the time she brought it with her to their Wednesday lunch, it was packed.
In a statement Sunday, former first lady Michelle Obama highlighted how Rosalynn Carter understood that the role of first lady is “largely shaped by the passions and aspirations of the person holding it” and said “she reminded me to make the role of First Lady my own, just like she did.”
“Today, Barack and I join the world in celebrating the remarkable legacy of a First Lady, philanthropist, and advocate who dedicated her life to lifting up others,” Michelle Obama added.
Mental health crusade
Rosalynn Carter’s signature issue was mental health. When she was campaigning for her husband during his 1970 race for governor, she was overwhelmed by the number of people who asked her what she would do for a relative dealing with mental illness.
“One day, when Jimmy was speaking at a rally, I got in line with everybody else to shake hands with him,” she recalled decades later in an interview with The Carter Center. “He saw who I was, grinned, and asked, ‘What are you doing here?’ ‘I came to see what you are going to do about mental health when you are governor,’ I replied.”
She had a distant cousin with mental illness and she remembered running and hiding when she would hear him coming down the streets of their small town singing loudly. “He probably wanted nothing more than friendship and recognition, yet he was different, and when I heard him, my impulse was to flee,” the former first lady wrote in her memoir.
The experience left such a deep impression on her that she devoted much of her time in the White House to advocating for better care for people with mental illnesses. As Georgia’s first lady, she helped shift treatment to community mental health centers, and in the White House, she helped her husband create a Presidential Commission on Mental Health.
Former first lady Rosalynn Carter poses for a portrait in New York in 2011.
The day the commission was announced, Rosalynn Carter told the press that she had just gotten a note informing her that the Department of Justice prohibited the president from appointing a close relative, such as a wife, to a civilian position. Up until then, she had been planning to chair the committee.
“There is, however, no problem with you being designated as honorary chairperson,” she said, amid laughter from reporters. “So I’m going to be a very active honorary chairperson.”
In 1979, she became the second first lady to testify before Congress (Eleanor Roosevelt was the first) when she spoke about the need for mental health reform.
“Throughout her long, remarkable life, she was an unwavering voice for the overlooked and underrepresented,” former President Bill Clinton and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said in a joint statement Sunday.
“Thanks to her mental health advocacy, more people live with better care and less stigma.”
As first lady, she tried to be in the family’s private quarters to greet 9-year-old daughter Amy by 4 p.m. on school days, and at 6:30 p.m. they had dinner together most nights. Amy was the first presidential child to attend a public school since Theodore Roosevelt’s son.
‘I am much more political than Jimmy’
In the White House, Rosalynn would urge her husband to put off controversial decisions until after his reelection. She freely admitted, “I am much more political than Jimmy and was more concerned about popularity and winning reelection.”
She lobbied to have her husband fire Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare Joe Califano. According to longtime Carter family friend and White House aide Jerry Rafshoon, she was angry at Califano over an anti-smoking campaign, fearing that it would hurt Carter’s standing in tobacco-producing North Carolina.
“I wanted Jimmy to fire Joe Califano long before he ever did,” she wrote in her memoir, “and my reasons were purely political.”
She opposed Carter’s Rose Garden strategy not to campaign against his 1980 Democratic primary challenger, Massachusetts Sen. Ted Kennedy, and instead to stay holed up in the White House negotiating the release of American hostages in Iran.
She also did not agree with Carter’s decision to bar alcohol from White House social events, though they did ultimately serve wine and spiked punch. The impression of out-of-touch Southern Baptists in the White House created a “stereotype that we never lived down,” she said.
She was sent to Central and South America to deliver a serious message on human rights. At first, leaders and the press were skeptical about a first lady taking such an important political trip, but eventually they realized that she had a direct line to the president.
She brought home tangible achievements: Ecuador pledged to sign and ratify the American Convention on Human Rights; the military leader of Peru vowed to give up power (four years later Rosalynn attended the inauguration of the democratically elected president of Peru); and the president of Colombia pressed to move negotiations forward on the Panama Canal.
Rafshoon recalled that it was Rosalynn’s idea to hold the Middle East peace talks at Camp David, which became her husband’s greatest achievement as president. She wanted the negotiation to happen there because of Camp David’s tranquil and isolated location in the Maryland mountains. At the 13-day Camp David summit, Rosalynn took almost 200 typed pages of notes. But any accomplishments of the Carter presidency were ultimately overshadowed by a 444-day hostage crisis in Iran, in which revolutionary students stormed the US Embassy in Tehran and took more than 60 Americans hostage.
The brunt of campaigning in 1980 fell to Rosalynn as Jimmy Carter decided to stay in the White House to handle the crisis. She checked in several times a day from the campaign trail, and when she could not speak with her husband, she talked with Carter’s national security adviser, the late Zbigniew Brzezinski, who discussed how to handle the crisis. “I kept her abreast because I knew she would be discussing those issues with the president,” Brzezinski said in an interview.
Her biggest regret in life was her husband losing reelection in 1980.
“I’d like people to know that we were right, that what Jimmy Carter was doing was best for our country, and that people made a mistake by not voting for him,” she said in her memoir.
The Carter Center
Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter had four children, 12 grandchildren and several great-grandchildren. When the Carters left the White House in 1981, they returned to Plains and embarked on the longest and most ambitious post-presidency in American history.
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With the exception of Harry and Bess Truman, the Carters are the only post-World War II president and first lady to return to their hometown and, since their return, Rosalynn worked to revitalize the working-class community, revamping the local inn and adding a butterfly garden.
She and her husband were active members of the Maranatha Baptist Church, where she served as a deacon. But they are perhaps most famous for their humanitarian work with The Carter Center, to which they devoted 51 weeks a year (the remaining week they spent working for Habitat for Humanity).
“The global staff of The Carter Center grieves the passing of our visionary co-founder, former U.S. First Lady Rosalynn Carter, whose compassion, strength, and leadership inspired us all,” the Atlanta-based organization said in a statement Sunday. “For more than 50 years, Mrs. Carter was a tireless advocate for those living with mental illnesses, supporting practical measures and policy reforms to create parity for mental illnesses with physical illnesses in Georgia, the United States, and the rest of the world.”
In a 2016 interview, Rosalynn reflected on the nearly four decades that had passed since leaving Washington.
“I missed having Jimmy in the Oval Office taking care of our country,” she said. “I have never felt as safe as I did when he was there. I still have a bully pulpit to work on issues I like, and because he was president, I have unlimited opportunities. It is a good life.”
This is a breaking story and will be updated.
Kate Andersen Brower, a biographer of American first ladies, is a former CNN contributor. CNN’s Stephen Collinson, Sam Fossum and Gabe Cohen also contributed to this report.